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Re-creating the Slough


This experimental holding pond at Whitaker Ponds is part of innovative efforts to revitalize the Columbia Slough watershed. Stormwater discharge, oil, and runoff from the industrialized Columbia Boulevard drains through pipes into an underground tank where sludge collects. It then seeps into the rocks in the foreground of this image, further diluting pollutants, before reaching the bioswale above, and ultimately Whitaker Ponds. The pond, once one of a large system of lakes and sloughs on the Columbia's floodplain is slowly returning to a more natural and usable state for both humans and wildlife. Photo by Geoff Wetherell, Columbia Slough Capstone student, Summer 2000

  People have recreated on the Columbia Slough and nearby lands for centuries. Long-term residents recall the slough and its lands as an important part of daily life. Jim Douglas, a Woodlawn resident since 1905, remembers workers bathing in the Columbia Slough, early amusement parks, hunting, and boating. Mr. Douglas considers the slough an integral part of his youth:

With the boathouse down there, they could rent boats out or canoes and you could canoe up the river. . . Now, by the time that I was courting my wife, you could go right out the slough into the Columbia River. They cut a dike open and the Columbia River water came in, went down then into the main slough, then into the Willamette River. Jim Douglas



Above. The Columbia Slough Small Craft Regatta, begun through the action of neighborhood activists like Kenton's David Myers Eatwell in partnership with BES and the Columbia Slough Watershed Council, is an annual event to educate the community and demonstrate the slough's potential as a recreational oasis within the city. Photos courtesy of the Kenton Action Plan

   Other early residents recall crossing the railroad tracks near St. Johns, swimming in the numerous lakes, winter activities, and even romance on the Columbia Slough:

We went ice skating down on the slough, the slough come before the Five Mile Lake did, and during high water the water would run over from the slough into the Five Mile Lake. But that wasn’t during swimming season, because during the hot weather the slough was lower, and the water was cleaner. I suppose it would be considered polluted, but we didn’t know that and it didn’t bother us. But we were ice-skating and he asked me to marry him. When we were ice-skating we had a big bonfire -- we weren’t the only ones there. There were other people there. Elsie Norris

   Ronald Bunn, of Whitaker Ponds remembers recreating in the ponds:

We used to let the kids. . . swim in it. They used to say that they could walk in different places and they could tell where the springs were because the cold water would be coming, it would be real cold there. But one of the boys stepped on a broken bottle and got a cut, and he got a bad infection, so we told the kids they couldn’t go in there any more. . . I remember, I think it was a Model T Roadster was setting up there along the edge of the bank. And, obviously, people had used it to dump stuff. I don’t know how many years it took it to disappear – rust completely away. On occasion we’d take a rubber raft and, and go out there and just row around, and then of course you see things. I remember laying in the rubber raft kind of, and all of a sudden there’s a splash beside me and a big old carp is looking me right in the eye. Ronald Bunn, resident near Whitaker Ponds since 1951

   Since 1995 Mr. Bunn has witnessed increased attention to the Columbia Slough through the education center at Whitaker Ponds:

The kids . . . come down with their teachers and they go out and they dip things out of the slough and watch the little, little, little buggy things (laughs), and take notes as part of their school projects. There will be maybe twenty, thirty kids walking down the street. And I’ll see them over there and they walk all through with note pads checking on the various types of plants and so on. I think metro’s got a really great idea with what they’re doing and what their plans are for the future for Whitaker Ponds. And, they’ve planted hundreds, probably thousands of trees and plants of various kinds, native to the area. As time goes by, it should be a really great place to come and observe and wildlife and trees and plants and so on. Ronald Bunn

   For years many people have struggled to re-create the Columbia Slough Watershed in a way conducive to both industry and community. The Columbia Slough Revitalization Plan, written by BES in 1997, includes watershed enhancement, sediment remediation, outreach and education, stormwater enhancement, and combined sewer overflow reduction. Recreation is slated to become the focus of the Columbia Slough's future, and says BES, "a yardstick for determining the appropriate degree of water quality." There are numerous attempts underway to integrate recreational plans with business, industry, and residential goals in the Columbia Corridor. The urban trail plan known as the 40-Mile Loop is one among many coordinated revitalization plans.

When completed, the trail will connect parks along the Columbia, Sandy and Willamette Rivers in a continuous loop. There will be something for everyone, whether it is hiking, biking . . . or even canoeing. Canoe trips as long as five miles will be available in the Columbia Slough. Forty Mile Loop Brochure, city of Portland

When originally conceived in 1904, the trail system known as the 40-mile loop was going to be forty miles encircling the city of Portland. Since then the trail sytem underway has grown to more than 140 miles, connnecting more than 30 parks in the Portland area. The 40-mile loop will include a link from Kelley Point Park, near where the slough empties into the Willamette, through Smith & Bybee Lake along the slough's riparian corridor to Blue Lake Park.

 

 

   However, riparian corridors throughout the United States are in trouble, and the Columbia Slough is no exception. Riparian areas -- places located on the banks of natural waterways -- provide:

Food, water, and cover for fish and wildlife
Travel routes for fish and wildlife
Shade to reduce water temperature
Stability to streambanks for sediment control
Filtration of stormwater runoff

   Riparian corridors in urban areas are degraded by the following activities:

Increased impervious surfaces
Replacement of complex natural drainages with storm water systems
Loss of natural vegetation that provides shade, cover, and nutrients
Increased pollutant runoff from hardened surfaces
Modification of stream and river channels by placement of roads and utilities and by encroachment of development
Loss of natural sedimentation rate stabilizing stream structure

   Conditions in the Portland Metropolitan area have deteriorated:

Over 300 miles of the original 1,200 miles of streams in the region are now in pipes underground
213 stream miles (out of 900 miles left in the region) are listed by DEQ as water quality limited -- including the Columbia Slough
12 fish species have been listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act
Numerous other fish and wildlife species are listed by federal and state governments

"1st Annual Columbia Slough Small Craft Regatta A Success!" by Dave Myers Eatwell

Endangered Species Act



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