
This experimental holding pond at Whitaker Ponds
is part of innovative efforts to revitalize the Columbia Slough
watershed. Stormwater discharge, oil, and runoff from the industrialized
Columbia Boulevard drains through pipes into an underground
tank where sludge collects. It then seeps into the rocks in
the foreground of this image, further diluting pollutants, before
reaching the bioswale above, and ultimately Whitaker Ponds.
The pond, once one of a large system of lakes and sloughs on
the Columbia's floodplain is slowly returning to a more natural
and usable state for both humans and wildlife. Photo by Geoff
Wetherell, Columbia Slough Capstone student, Summer 2000
People have recreated
on the Columbia Slough and nearby lands for centuries. Long-term
residents recall the slough and its lands as an important part
of daily life. Jim Douglas, a Woodlawn resident since 1905,
remembers workers bathing in the Columbia Slough, early amusement
parks, hunting, and boating. Mr. Douglas considers the slough
an integral part of his youth:
With the boathouse down there, they
could rent boats out or canoes and you could canoe up the
river. . . Now, by the time that I was courting my wife, you
could go right out the slough into the Columbia River. They
cut a dike open and the Columbia River water came in, went
down then into the main slough, then into the Willamette River.
Jim Douglas
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Above. The Columbia Slough Small Craft Regatta,
begun through the action of neighborhood activists like Kenton's
David Myers Eatwell in partnership with BES and the Columbia
Slough Watershed Council, is an annual event to educate the
community and demonstrate the slough's potential as a recreational
oasis within the city. Photos courtesy of the Kenton Action
Plan
Other early
residents recall crossing the railroad tracks near St. Johns,
swimming in the numerous lakes, winter activities, and even
romance on the Columbia Slough:
We went ice skating
down on the slough, the slough come before the Five Mile Lake
did, and during high water the water would run over from the
slough into the Five Mile Lake. But that wasn’t during swimming
season, because during the hot weather the slough was lower,
and the water was cleaner. I suppose it would be considered
polluted, but we didn’t know that and it didn’t bother us. But
we were ice-skating and he asked me to marry him. When we were
ice-skating we had a big bonfire -- we weren’t the only ones
there. There were other people there. Elsie
Norris
Ronald Bunn,
of Whitaker Ponds remembers recreating in the ponds:
We used to let the
kids. . . swim in it. They used to say that they could walk
in different places and they could tell where the springs were
because the cold water would be coming, it would be real cold
there. But one of the boys stepped on a broken bottle and got
a cut, and he got a bad infection, so we told the kids they
couldn’t go in there any more. . . I remember, I think it was
a Model T Roadster was setting up there along the edge of the
bank. And, obviously, people had used it to dump stuff. I don’t
know how many years it took it to disappear – rust completely
away. On occasion we’d take a rubber raft and, and go out there
and just row around, and then of course you see things. I remember
laying in the rubber raft kind of, and all of a sudden there’s
a splash beside me and a big old carp is looking me right in
the eye. Ronald Bunn, resident near Whitaker Ponds since
1951
Since 1995 Mr.
Bunn has witnessed increased attention to the Columbia Slough
through the education center at Whitaker Ponds:
The kids . . . come down with their
teachers and they go out and they dip things out of the slough
and watch the little, little, little buggy things (laughs),
and take notes as part of their school projects. There will
be maybe twenty, thirty kids walking down the street. And
I’ll see them over there and they walk all through with note
pads checking on the various types of plants and so on. I
think metro’s got a really great idea with what they’re doing
and what their plans are for the future for Whitaker Ponds.
And, they’ve planted hundreds, probably thousands of trees
and plants of various kinds, native to the area. As time goes
by, it should be a really great place to come and observe
and wildlife and trees and plants and so on. Ronald
Bunn
For years many
people have struggled to re-create the Columbia Slough Watershed
in a way conducive to both industry and community. The Columbia
Slough Revitalization Plan, written by BES in 1997, includes watershed
enhancement, sediment remediation, outreach and education, stormwater
enhancement, and combined sewer overflow reduction. Recreation
is slated to become the focus of the Columbia Slough's future,
and says BES, "a yardstick for determining the appropriate
degree of water quality." There are numerous attempts underway
to integrate recreational plans with business, industry, and residential
goals in the Columbia Corridor. The urban trail plan known as
the 40-Mile Loop is one among many coordinated revitalization
plans.
When completed, the trail will connect
parks along the Columbia, Sandy and Willamette Rivers in a continuous
loop. There will be something for everyone, whether it is hiking,
biking . . . or even canoeing. Canoe trips as long as five miles
will be available in the Columbia Slough. Forty Mile
Loop Brochure, city of Portland
When originally conceived in 1904, the
trail system known as the 40-mile loop was going to be forty
miles encircling the city of Portland. Since then the trail
sytem underway has grown to more than 140 miles, connnecting
more than 30 parks in the Portland area. The 40-mile loop will
include a link from Kelley Point Park, near where the slough
empties into the Willamette, through Smith & Bybee Lake
along the slough's riparian corridor to Blue Lake Park.
However, riparian
corridors throughout the United States are in trouble, and the
Columbia Slough is no exception. Riparian areas -- places located
on the banks of natural waterways -- provide:
Food, water, and cover for fish and wildlife
Travel routes for fish and wildlife
Shade to reduce water temperature
Stability to streambanks for sediment control
Filtration of stormwater runoff
Riparian
corridors in urban areas are degraded by the following activities:
Increased impervious surfaces
Replacement of complex natural drainages with storm water systems
Loss of natural vegetation that provides shade, cover, and nutrients
Increased pollutant runoff from hardened surfaces
Modification of stream and river channels by placement of roads
and utilities and by encroachment of development
Loss of natural sedimentation rate stabilizing stream structure
Conditions
in the Portland Metropolitan area have deteriorated:
Over 300 miles of the original 1,200 miles
of streams in the region are now in pipes underground
213 stream miles (out of 900 miles left in the region) are listed
by DEQ as water quality limited -- including the Columbia Slough
12 fish species have been listed as threatened or endangered
under the federal Endangered Species Act
Numerous other fish and wildlife species are listed by federal
and state governments
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