How did Captain Lewis Love view the Columbia Slough? How did he make use of it?
How did community boosters promote the North Portland peninsula?
How did the North Portland Peninsula fit into the Portland transportation system during the early twentieth century?
How was the Kenton community created? What role did the Columbia Slough play in its development?
What kind of community services were available in early Kenton?
How has Kenton changed since the early twentieth century?

An Act to establish and incorporate the Port of Portland
1935 Act relating to the taking of gravel, rock, and sand from navigable streams
Oregonian article - "Forced Sale"
Swan Island Maps, 1897, 1965
Swan Island Drydock Image
St. Johns Floating Drydock Image
How does dredging work? The Port of Portland explains
Groundwater movement chart
Port of Portland pamphlet about the Columbia River Channel Project
Port of Portland's Statement of Need
West Hayden Island Development Project

What was the goal of establishing the Port of Portland?
What is the purpose of the 1935 Act relating to the taking of gravel, rock, and sand from navigable streams?
By what means did the Port of Portland acquire the Leadbetter land? Why?
What role did Swan Island play in industrial development of the North Portland Peninsula?
How does dredging change a waterway? What is the connection between dredging and the groundwater movement chart?
Why does the Port of Portland feel it must dredge the Columbia to a greater depth?
What plans does the Port of Portland have for West Hayden Island?
Why does the Port of Portland plan to dredge a deeper marine port and expand into West Hayden Island? What other options might be considered?

Swan Island Airport Layout
Aerial view of early Portland-Columbia Airport
WPA Funds and Expenditures for the Portland-Columbia Airport
Port of Portland Biennial Report, 1941-1942, "Portland Airport"
"Seventy Years of Port Progress" in Portside Magazine
Letter of dissent by Vancouver resident against Portland Aiport Expansion, 1968
Letter of dissent by an eighth grade Vancouver resident against Airport Expansion, 1968
Governor Tom McCall letter supporting dredging and filling the Columbia River for airport expansion, 1968
Letter of dissent against Portland Aiport Expansion by Mrs. Doris M. Gierloff, 1968
Summary of Environmental Impact Statement, Portland Airport, 1974
1974 Airport Expansion
South Runway Airport Expansion, 1974
Portside article explaining de-icing at the Portland International Aiport, Winter, 1998-1999

Where was the original Portland-Columbia Airport built? How was it funded? How did the airport fit into slough communities?
How did the Port of Portland acquire land for airport expansion?
What two entities were involved in airport expansion?
How did community residents feel about airport expansion in the late 1960s? Why?
Why did Governor Tom McCall support airport expansion?
What connections are there between airport expansion and the waterways of the slough and the Columbia River?
What alternative expansion plans did the 1974 Environmental Impact Statement propose?
What environmental issues are involved with de-icing runways at the Portland International Airport? How does this connect with the Columbia Slough?

Petition to the Portland Mayor against the St. Johns Landfill, 1930
Area map of petitioner's residence
Architect's support of an incinerator at the St. Johns Landfill, 1931
Central Labor Council of Portland Letter, 1931

Why was the St. Johns area chosen for a landfill?
How did some area residents feel about having a landfill and incinerator in their neighborhood?
What position did the Central Labor Council of Portland take on building a landfill? Why?

Oregonian pollution Article
PSU student work -- oral history excerpts -- Changing Economies on the Columbia Slough
Oregonian article -- "Economy Can't Trump Environment," January 26, 1996
Oregonian article -- "Erosion is Nibbling Away at St. Johns Landfill," August 16, 1999
Oregonian article -- "St. Johns Landfill Gets a New Use," June 26, 1998

How have industries developed in slough communities degraded the waterway?
In what ways do you think industrial development has benefited slough communities? In what ways has it harmed them?
What relationship do future plans for the Columbia River have with the Columbia Slough?
What is the city of Portland doing about pollution from the St. Johns Landfill?



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